There are so many challenges faced by the construction industries in developing countries since they are starting to increase the urbanization of the country and people but have a lot of external and internal factors that impact them. There is also evidence that the problems have become greater in extent and severity in recent years. So, to conserve this problem and create a better future for the construction industry the Construction 21 Steering Committee,1999 was created as a vision for Singapore's construction industry towards the 21st century. This also helped to set concrete targets for the construction industry and its workforce in Singapore. The main idea is that the construction industry is a continuous process so it has so many phases to go through which can cause a lot of socio-economic stress if rules is followed or not followed. The C21 helped to transform Singapore's construction industry from the 3D's (dirty, dangerous & demanding) into 3P's (professional, productive & progressive). However, the factors that affect constructions in developing countries are mainly globalization, culture, and the environment.

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Firstly, Globalization is where the industry expands to other developing countries and where they can increase the vertical integration and also increases foreign participation in developing countries. The advantage in expanding out in the phases is the fact that they can create job opportunities for local firms and also competition among foreign firms lowers the costs of projects to developing countries. Expanding to the global market has its disadvantages too, it is because local construction companies lack the technical and managerial capability to undertake most of the foreign-funded projects.

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Secondly, Culture also plays a big role when it comes to different countries, each of them has its own unique styles and since most of the guideline shave been inherited from western countries, it has sometimes brought a hard time to the organizations. For instance, when several organizations temporarily interact on each project, the ability to manage cultural issues, especially in multi-cultural situations are encountered on a large scale. Thirdly, the environment should always be a concern because constructions are mainly causing the most destructions in a country since the space needed to hold the project could mean taking over land and losing the rate of forest very quick nowadays. it also brings in a lot of social impact towards the community because when standards of living people are increased .it will lead to more physical resources which cause homeless and life-threatening situations (land erosion, flood).

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in many countries, their land is also taken away for other uses which had to be used for agriculture and cause loss of livelihood for many people. There are many developments done towards the construction industry because the construction industry must help the national economies to recover, and also contribute to the easing of the social problems. From the culture scale , the effort is required to reflect the cultural attributes and values of individual developing countries in their construction practices and procedures. The existing ones are not only currently obsolete, but they are also inappropriate. Plus, from the environment, many rejuvenation can be done, like initiatives that indicate the potential commercial merits of environmentally-responsible corporate behavior, in addition to its long-term benefits of conserving and protecting the environment. The example of aspects they could look through is no toxic releases which benefit the environment indirectly through its efficiency, resource efficiency, and many more social and economic aspects.

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In conclusion, developing countries will face major challenges in the future but there can be many ways to overcome them if the aspects are detailed out, and it can help to expand the construction industry in a positive way. It is indeed necessary for more work to be done on the issues of globalisation, the environment, and the various aspects of culture as they relate to construction activity, construction enterprises and the construction industry in developing countries.

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Summary based on : Challenges of Construction Industries in Developing Countries: Lessons from Various Countries

file:///C:/Users/gunal/Downloads/Challenges%20of%20Construction%20Industries%20in%20Developing%20Countries_%20Lessons%20from%20Various%20Countries%20(1).pdf

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